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<text id=89TT2357>
<title>
Sep. 11, 1989: Soviet Union:The Language Of Unrest
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Sep. 11, 1989 The Lonely War:Drugs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 40
SOVIET UNION
The Language of Unrest
</hdr><body>
<p>As Moldavia simmers, the Baltics fire back at Moscow
</p>
<p> Language is frequently not only the vehicle for making
statements but also a statement in and of itself. The
legislature of the southwestern Soviet republic of Moldavia,
which borders Rumania, last week declared its native tongue --
which is virtually identical to Rumanian -- its official
language. Moldavia thus became the fifth Soviet republic this
year (after Tadzhikistan and the Baltic states of Latvia,
Lithuania and Estonia) to establish linguistic independence from
the Russian language. In an effort to accommodate the republic's
ethnic Russians and Ukrainians, about 27% of the 4.3 million
population, legislators eventually added a vaguely worded
amendment that Russian will continue to be used in some
instances.
</p>
<p> Far from placated by that move, non-Moldavian activists
denounced the law and staged strikes at more than 100
factories. In Moscow Pravda accused the ethnic majority of
subjecting non-Moldavians to "moral terror." But thousands of
Moldavians gathered in the main square of Kishinev, the capital,
to demonstrate their support for the measure. Many waved
Moldavia's traditional red-yellow-and-blue flag and chanted,
"Russians go home!"
</p>
<p> If the loudest shouts occurred in Moldavia last week, the
bitterest words came from the Baltic republics. Two weeks ago
the Communist Party Central Committee issued a broadside
accusing "extremists" in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia of
whipping up "nationalist hysteria" on the 50th anniversary of
the Ribbentrop-Molotov pact that led to the Soviet annexation
of the three states. At first the attack jolted Baltic
progressives, who had just been granted permission to carry out
wide-ranging economic reforms. Some regional Communist leaders
who have been tolerant of unofficial nationalist movements
quickly sought ways to ease tensions with Moscow. Estonian party
leader Vaino Valjas, for example, assured Soviet television
viewers that "separatism is not our slogan." In Latvia party
chief Janis Vagris warned local activists not to "irresponsibly
rock the common boat."
</p>
<p> By last week, however, the nationalists were firing back
their own rhetorical rockets. Meeting in the Latvian capital of
Riga, the leaders of the region's three unofficial political
movements rejected the Central Committee statement, calling it
a "sinister and dangerous document for the cause of democracy."
Its authors, the Baltic reformers said, "looked like the younger
brothers" of those who produced the Nazi-Soviet agreement. For
good measure, Dainis Ivans, president of the Latvian Popular
Front, announced that his republic plans to go well beyond the
reforms so far authorized by the Kremlin, adopting a program of
"full economic and political independence" from Moscow as a
prelude to eventual "complete independent statehood."
</p>
<p> Soviet Foreign Ministry spokesman Gennadi Gerasimov
insisted that the Moscow document had been "worked out with the
participation of all members of the Politburo, including the
General Secretary." Gorbachev might well have authorized the
Baltic-bashing as a sop to disgruntled party conservatives who
fear his liberal policies are getting out of control. What
better way for the Soviet leader to keep his reform image
untarnished and at the same time dampen separatist fervor than
to let the conservatives vent their anger in his absence? But
if the Soviet leader was indeed trying to have it both ways, he
badly underestimated the caliber of the return fire.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>